Species List
Underneath you can find a list of megafauna from the Late Pleistocene.
Disclaimer: We acknowledge that some taxa may be of unclear classification. The taxa are broken down by region, then further subdivided by family. Regionally Extinct taxa are indicated by the ‘†’ Icon, and globally extinct species by ‘††’ this also includes species whose only surviving members are domesticated. Common names are also indicated where possible. Megafauna is in this case defined as species with a mass (or estimated mass) of more than 40kg, or in the case of predators, recorded (or suspected of) taking down megafaunal prey.
Europe
Bovidae
Bison bonasus - Wisent /European Bison
††Bison priscus - Steppe Bison (Possible ancestor of B. bonasus)
††Bubalus murrensis - European Water Buffalo
Capra caucasica - Western Tur
Capra cylindricornis - Eastern Tur
Capra ibex - Alpine Ibex
Capra pyrenaica - Iberian Ibex
Ovibos moschatus - Muskox
Cervidae
Alces alces - Elk / Moose
†Cervus canadensis - Wapiti/Elk
Cervus elaphus - Red Deer
Dama dama - Fallow Deer
††Megaloceros giganteus - Irish Elk / Giant Deer
Rangifer tarandus - Reindeer / Caribou
†Hippopotamidae
†Hippopotamus amphibius - Common Hippopotamus
Suidae
Sus scrofa - Wild Boar
†Camelidae
††Camelus knobblochi
†Equidae
†Equus ferus - Wild Horse
†Equus hemionus - Onager / Asiatic Wild Ass
†Rhinocerotidae
††Coelodonta antiquitatis - Woolly Rhinoceros
††Elasmotherium sibiricum
††Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis - Mercks’ Rhinoceros
††Stephanorhinus hemitoechus - Narrow-nosed Rhinoceros
Canidae
Canis lupus - Grey Wolf
†Cuon alpinus - Dhole
Ursidae
Ursus arctos - Brown Bear
†Ursus martimus - Polar Bear
††Ursus spelaeus - Cave Bear
†Ursus thibetanus - Asian Black Bear
Mustelidae
Gulo gulo - Wolverine
†Hyeanidae
†Crocuta crocuta - Spotted Hyeana
Felidae
††Homotherium latidens - Scimitar cat
Lynx lynx - Eurasian Lynx
††Panthera (leo) spelaea - Cave Lion
Panthera pardus - Leopard
†Panthera tigris - Tiger
Hominidae
††Homo (sapiens) neanderthalensis - Neanderthal
†Elephantidae
††Mammuthus primigenius - Woolly Mammoth
††Palaeoloxodon antiquus - Straight-tusked elephant
Accipitridae
Aquila chrysaetos - Golden eagle
Asia
Northern & Central Asia
Bovidae
††Bison priscus - Steppe Bison
††Bos (Poephagus) baikalensis - Baikal Yak
Capra falconeri - Markhor
Capra sibirica - Siberian Ibex
Ovibos moschatus - Muskox
Ovis ammon - Argali
Ovis nivicola - Snow Sheep
Ovis vignei - Urial
††Spirocerus kiakhtensis
†Camelidae
†Camelus ferus - Wild Bactrian Camel
††Camelus knobblochi
Cervidae
Alces alces - Elk/Moose
Capreolus pygargus - Siberian Roe Deer
Cervus canadensis - Wapiti/Elk
Cervus elaphus - Red Deer
Cervus hanglu - Tarim Red Deer
Cervus nippon - Sika Deer
††Megaloceros giganteus - Irish Elk/Giant Deer
Rangifer tarandus - Reindeer/Caribou
††Sinomegaceros yabei
Suidae
Sus scrofa - Wild Boar
Equidae
†Equus ferus - Wild Horse
Equus hemionus - Onager / Asiatic Wild Ass
†Rhinocerotidae
††Coelodonta antiquitatis - Woolly Rhinoceros
††Elasmotherium sibiricum
††Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis - Mercks’ Rhinoceros
††Stephanorhinus hemitoechus - Narrow-nosed Rhinoceros
Canidae
††Aenocyon dirus - Dire Wolf
Canis lupus - Grey Wolf
†Cuon alpinus - Dhole/Asian Wild Dog
Ursidae
Ursus arctos - Brown Bear
††Ursus spelaeus - Cave Bear
Felidae
†Acinonyx jubatus - Cheetah
Lynx lynx - Eurasian Lynx
†Panthera leo - Lion
Panthera pardus - Leopard
††Panthera (leo) spelaea - Cave Lion
Panthera tigris - Tiger
Panthera uncia - Snow Leopard
†Hyeanidae
†Crocuta crocuta - Spotted Hyena
Castoridae
††Trogontherium cuvieri
Hominidae
††Homo (sapiens) neanderthalensis - Neanderthal
Elephantidae
††Mammuthus primigenius - Woolly Mammoth
††Mammuthus trogontherii - Steppe Mammoth
Accipitridae
Aquila chrysaetos - Golden eagle
Struthionidae
††Struthio asiaticus - Asian Ostrich
The Middle East
Bovidae
†Alcelaphus buselaphus - Hartebeest
††Bison priscus - Steppe Bison
Capra nubiana - Nubian Ibex
Capra sibirica - Siberian Ibex
††Gazella bilkis - Queen of Sheba's Gazelle
Oryx leucoryx - Arabian Oryx
Ovis gmelini - Mouflon
Ovis vignei - Urial
†Camelidae
††Camelus concordiae - Lesser Syrian Camel
††Camelus moreli - Giant Syrian Camel
Cervidae
Cervus elaphus - Red Deer
Dama mesopotamica - Persian Fallow Deer
†Hippopotamidae
†Hippopotamus amphibius - Hippopotamus
Suidae
Sus scrofa - Wild Boar
Equidae
Equus hemionus - Onager / Asiatic Wild Ass
†Rhinocerotidae
††Stephanorhinus hemitoechus - Narrow-nosed Rhinoceros
††Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis - Merks’ Rhinoceros
Canidae
Canis lupus - Grey Wolf
Ursidae
Ursus arctos - Brown Bear
Ursus thibetanus - Asian Black Bear
Hyaenidae
†Crocuta crocuta - Spotted Hyena
Hyaena hyaena - Striped Hyena
Felidae
Acinonyx jubatus - Cheetah
Lynx lynx - Eurasian Lynx
†Panthera leo - Lion
Panthera pardus - Leopard
†Panthera tigris - Tiger
Hominidae
††Homo (sapiens) neanderthalensis - Neanderthal
†Elephantidae
†Elephas maximus - Asian Elephant (Could be brought in by humans in historic times)
††Palaeoloxodon antiquus - European Elephant
Accipitridae
Aquila chrysaetos - Golden eagle
Struthionidae
†Struthio camelus - Common Ostrich
Indian Subcontinent
Bovidae
Bos gaurus - Gaur
Boselaphus tragocamelus - Nilgai
Bubalus arnee - Wild Water Buffalo
††Bubalus (arnee) palaeindicus
Capra falconeri - Markhor
Nilgiritragus hylocrius - Nilgiri Tahr
††Sivacobus sankaliai
Cervidae
Axis axis - Chital
Cervus canadensis - Wapiti
Rucervus duvaucelii - barasingha
Rusa unicolour - Sambar
†Hippopotamidae
††Hexaprotodon palaeindicus-namadicus (Either two separate species or single sexually dimorphic species)
Suidae
Sus scrofa - Wild Boar
Equidae
Equus hemionus - Onager / Asiatic Wild Ass
††Equus namadicus
Rhinocerotidae
Rhinoceros unicornis - Indian Rhinoceros
†Rhinoceros sondaicus - Javan Rhinoceros
†Dicerorhinus sumatrensis - Sumatran Rhinoceros
Canidae
Canis lupus - Grey Wolf
Cuon alpinus - Dhole/Asian wild dog
Ursidae
Melursus ursinus - Sloth Bear
Ursus thibetanus - Asian Black Bear
Hyaenidae
†Crocuta crocuta - Spotted Hyena
Hyaena hyaena - Striped Hyena
Felidae
†Acinonyx jubatus - Cheetah
Neofelis nebulosa - Clouded Leopard
Panthera leo - Lion
Panthera pardus - Leopard
Panthera tigris - Tiger
Elephantidae
Elephas maximus - Asian Elephant
††Palaeoloxodon namadicus - Asian Straight Tusked Mammoth
††Stegodontidae
††Stegodon namadicus
Pythonidae
Python bivittatus - Burmese Python
Crocodylidae
††Crocodylis palaeindicus (Late Pleistocene occurrences may be referable to C. palustris)
Crocodylis palustris - Mugger Crocodile
Crocodylus porosus - Saltwater Crocodile
Gavialidae
Gavialis gangeticus - Gharial
Accipitridae
Aquila chrysaetos - Golden eagle
Struthionidae
††Struthio camelus - Common Ostrich
East Asia
Bovidae
Bos mutus - Wild Yak
††Bubalus mephistopheles - Short-horned water buffalo
Budorcas taxicolor - Takin
Capra sibirica - Siberian Ibex
Capricornis sumatraensis - Mainland Serow
Ovis ammon - Argali
Pseudois nayaur - Blue Sheep
Pseudoryx nghetinhensis - Saola
††Spirocerus kiakhtensis
Camelidae
Camelus ferus - Wild Bactrian Camel
††Camelus knobblochi
Cervidae
Alces Alces - Elk/Moose
Capreolus pygargus - Siberian Roe Deer
Cervus albirostris - White-lipped Deer
Cervus canadensis - Wapiti/Elk
Cervus nippon - Sika Deer
Elaphurus davidianus - Père David's Deer
†Rangifer tarandus - Reindeer/Caribou
Rusa unicolour - Sambar
Suidae
Sus scrofa - Wild Boar
Equidae
†Equus ferus - Wild Horse
Equus hemionus - Asiatic Wild Ass
†Rhinocerotidae
††Coelodonta antiquitatis - Woolly Rhinoceros
†Rhinoceros unicornis - Indian Rhinoceros
††Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis - Mercks’ Rhinoceros
Canidae
Canis lupus - Grey Wolf
Cuon alpinus - Dhole/Asian wild dog
Ursidae
Ailuropoda melanoleuca - Giant Panda
†Helarctos malayanus - Sun Bear
Ursus arctos - Brown Bear
Ursus thibetanus - Asian Black Bear
†Hyaenidae
†Crocuta crocuta - Spotted Hyena
Felidae
Lynx lynx - Eurasian Lynx
Neofelis nebulosa - Clouded Leopard
Panthera pardus - Leopard
†Panthera tigris - Tiger
Panthera uncia - Snow Leopard
Castoridae
††Trogontherium cuvieri
†Elephantidae
†Elephas maximus - Asian Elephant
††Mammuthus primigenius - Woolly Mammoth
††Mammuthus trogontherii - Steppe Mammoth
††Palaeoloxodon namadicus - Asian Straight-tusked elephant
††Stegodontidae
††Steogodon orientalis
Pythonidae
Python bivittatus - Burmese Python
Alligatoridae
Alligator sinensis - Chinese Alligator
Accipitridae
Aquila chrysaetos - Golden eagle
†Struthionidae
††Struthio asiaticus - Asian Ostrich
South-East Asia
Bovidae
Bos gaurus - Gaur
Bos javanicus - Banteng
†?Bos sauveli - Kouprey
Bubalus arnee - Wild Water Buffalo
††Bubalus palaeokerabau - Long-horned Javan water buffalo
Capricornis rubidus - Red Serow
Capricornis sumatraensis - Mainland Serow
Cervidae
Axis kuhlii - Bawean (Hog) Deer
Cervus nippon - Sika Deer
Rucervus eldii - Eld’s Deer
Rucervus schomburgki -Schomburgk's Deer
Rusa timorensis - Javan Rusa
Rusa unicolour - Sambar
Hippopotamidae
††Hexaprotodon sivalensis
Suidae
Sus barbatus - Bornean bearded pig
Sus scrofa - Wild Boar
Sus verrucosus - Javan Warty Pig
Rhinocerotidae
Dicerorhinus sumatrensis - Sumatran Rhinoceros
Rhinoceros sondaicus - Javan Rhinoceros
†Rhinoceros unicornis - Indian Rhinoceros
Tapiridae
††Tapirus augustus - Giant Tapir
Tapirus indicus - Malay Tapir
Canidae
Cuon alpinus - Dhole/Asian wild dog
Ursidae
†Ailuropoda melanoleuca - Giant Panda
Helarctos malayanus - Sun Bear
Ursus thibetanus - Asian Black Bear
Hyaenidae
†Crocuta crocuta - Spotted Hyeana
Felidae
Neofelis diardi - Sunda Clouded Leopard
Neofelis nebulosa - Clouded Leopard
Panthera pardus - Leopard
Panthera tigris - Tiger
Hominidae
††Homo erectus
Pongo abelii - Sumatran Orangutan
††Pongo duboisi (Possibly ancestor of P. abelii)
††Pongo javensis - Javan Orangutan
Pongo pygmaeus - Bornean Orangutan
††Pongo palaeosumatrensis (Possibly ancestor of P. abelii)
Pongo tapanuliensis - Tapanuli Orangutan
Elephantidae
Elephas maximus - Asian Elephant
††Palaeoloxodon namadicus - Asian Straight-tusked elephant
††Stegodontidae
††Steogodon orientalis
††Stegodon trigonocephalus
Pythonidae
Malayopython reticulatus - Reticulated Python
Python bivittatus - Burmese Python
Crocodylidae
Crocodylus porosus - Saltwater Crocodile
Crocodylus siamensis - Siamese Crocodile
Gavialidae
Tomistoma schlegelii - False Gharial
Accipitridae
Aquila chrysaetos - Golden eagle
Africa
North Africa
Bovidae
Addax nasomaculatus - Addax
†Alcelaphus buselaphus - Hartebeest
Ammotragus lervia - Barbary Sheep
Capra nubiana - Nubian Ibex
††Gazella atlantica - Atlantic Gazelle
Nanger dama - Dama Gazelle
†Oryx dammah - Scimitar-horned Oryx
††Syncerus antiquus - Giant Buffalo
Cervidae
Cervus elaphus - Red Deer
††Megaceroides algericus - African Deer
Hippopotamidae
†Hippopotamus amphibius - Hippopotamus
Suidae
†Phacochoerus africanus - Common Warthog
Sus scrofa - Wild Boar
Camelidae
††'*Camelus sp. (Possibly C. moreli)
Equidae
Equus africanus - African Wild Ass
†Equus ferus - Wild Horse
††Equus mauritanicus (Possibly synonymous with E. quagga)
††Equus melkiensis (Possibly synonymous with E. africanus)
†Rhinocerotidae
†Ceratotherium simum — White Rhinoceros
††Stephanorhinus hemitoechus - Narrow-nosed Rhinoceros
††Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis - Merks’ Rhinoceros (Possibly misidentified S. hemitoechus)
Canidae
†?Lycaon pictus - African Wild Dog/Painted Dog
Ursidae
†Ursus arctos - Brown Bear
Hyaenidae
†Crocuta crocuta - Spotted Hyena
Hyaena hyaena - Striped Hyena
Felidae
Acinonyx jubatus - Cheetah
†Panthera leo - Lion
Panthera pardus - Leopard
†Elephantidae
††Elephas/Palaeoloxodon iolensis
†Loxodonta africana - African Elephant
Crocodylidae
Crocodylus niloticus - Nile Crocodile
Accipitridae
Aquila chrysaetos - Golden eagle
Struthionidae
Struthio camelus - Common Ostrich
Sub-Saharan Africa
Bovidae
††Aepyceros sp. - Lake Victoria Impala
Alcelaphus buselaphus - Hartebeest
††Antidorcas australis - Southern Springbok
Beatragus hunteri - Hirola
Capra walie - Walia Ibex
Cephalophus jentinki - Jentink’s Duiker
Cephalophus silvicultor - Yellow-backed Duiker
Cephalophus spadix - Abbott’s Duiker
Connochaetes gnou - Black Wildebeest
Connochaetes taurinus - Blue Wildebeest
††Damaliscus hypsodon
Damaliscus lunatus - Common Tsessebe
††Damaliscus niro
Damaliscus pygargus - Bontebok
Hippotragus equinus - Roan Antelope
Hippotragus niger - Sable Antelope
††Hippotragus leucophaeus - Blue Antelope
Kobus ellipsiprymnus - Waterbuck
Kobus kob - Kob
Kobus leche - Lechwe
Kobus megaceros - Nile Lechwe
Kobus vardonii - Puku
Litocranius walleri - Gerenuk
††Makapnia sp. (Unclear classification)
††Megalotragus priscus - Giant Wildebeest
†Nanger dama - Dama Gazelle
Nanger granti - Grant’s Gazelle
Nanger soemmerringii - Soemmerring's gazelle
Oryx beisa - East African Oryx
Oryx gazella - Gemsbok
Redunca arundinum - Southern Reedbuck
Redunca redunca - Bohor Reedbuck
††Rusingoryx atopocranion
††Syncerus antiquus - Giant Buffalo
Syncerus caffer - African Buffalo
Tragelaphus angasii - Nyala
Tragelaphus buxtoni - Mountain Nyala
Taurotragus derbianus - Giant Eland
Tragelaphus eurycerus - Bongo
Tragelaphus imberbis - Lesser Kudu
Taurotragus oryx - Common Eland
Tragelaphus scriptus - harnessed bushbuck
Tragelaphus spekii - Marshbuck
Tragelaphus strepsiceros - Greater Kudu
Tragelaphus sylvaticus - Bushbuck
Giraffidae
Giraffa camelopardalis - Northern giraffe
Giraffa (camelopardalis) giraffe - Southern giraffe
Giraffa (camelopardalis) reticulata - Reticulated giraffe
Giraffa (camelopardalis) tippelskirchii - Masai giraffe
Okapia johnstoni - Okapi
Hippopotamidae
Choeropsis/Hexaprotodon liberiensis - Pygmy Hippopotamus
Hippopotamus amphibius - Common Hippopotamus
Suidae
Hylochoerus meinertzhageni - Giant Forest Hog
††Kolpochoerus majus
††Metridiochoerus sp. - Giant Warthog
Phacochoerus aethiopicus - Desert Warthog
Phacochoerus africanus - Common Warthog
Potamochoerus larvatus - Bush Pig
Potamochoerus porcus - Red River Hog
Equidae
Equus africanus - African Wild Ass
Equus grevyi — Grevy’s Zebra
Equus quagga - Plains Zebra
Equus zebra - Mountain Zebra
Rhinocerotidae
Ceratotherium simum — White Rhinoceros
Diceros bicornis - Black Rhinoceros
Canidae
Lycaon pictus - African Wild Dog/Painted Dog
Hyaenidae
Crocuta crocuta - Spotted Hyena
Hyaena brunnea - Brown Hyena
Hyaena hyaena - Striped Hyena
Felidae
Acinonyx jubatus - Cheetah
Panthera leo - Lion
Panthera pardus - Leopard
Cercopithecidae
Papio ursinus - Chacma Baboon
Mandrillus sphinx - Mandrill
Hominidae
Gorilla gorilla - Western Gorilla
Gorilla beringei - Eastern Gorilla
Pan troglodytes - Chimpanzee
Pan paniscus - Bonobo
Elephantidae
††Elephas/Palaeoloxodon iolensis
Loxodonta africana - African Savannah Elephant
Loxodonta cyclotis - African Forest Elephant
Orycteropodidae
Orycteropus afer - Aardvark
††Orycteropus crassidens
Pythonidae
Python sebae - African Rock Python
Crocodylidae
Crocodylus niloticus - Nile Crocodile
Osteolaemus tetraspis - African Dwarf Crocodile
Mecistops cataphractus - Slender-snouted Crocodile
Testudinidae
Centrochelys sulcata - African Spurred Tortoise
Accipitridae
Aquila chrysaetos - Golden eagle
Struthionidae
Struthio camelus - Common Ostrich
Struthio molybdophanes - Somali Ostrich
North America:
Bovidae
††Bison antiquus
Bison bison - American Bison
††Bison latifrons - Long-horned bison
††Bison occidentalis
††Bison priscus - Steppe Bison
††Bootherium bombifrons - Helmeted Muskox
††Euceratherium collinum - Shrub Ox
Oreamnos americanus - Mountain Goat
††Oreamnos harringtoni
Ovibos moschatus - Muskox
Ovis canadensis - Bighorn Sheep
Ovis dalli - Dall Sheep
Cervidae
Alces alces - Elk / Moose
††Cervalces scotti - Elk-moose
Cervus canadensis - Wapiti/Elk
Odocoileus hemionus - Mule Deer
††Odocoileus lucasi
Odocoileus virginianus - White-tailed Deer
Rangifer tarandus - Reindeer/Caribou
Antilocapridae
Antilocapra americana - Pronghorn
††Stockoceros conklingi
††Tetrameryx mooseri
††Tetrameryx shuleri
††Tetrameryx tacubayensis
Tayassuidae
††Mylohyus nasutus - Long-nosed Peccary
††Platygonus compressus - Flat-faced Peccary
†Camelidae
††Camelops hesternus
††Hemiauchenia gracilis
††Hemiauchenia macrocephala
††Palaeolama mirifica
†Equidae
†Equus ferus - Wild Horse
††Equus/Haringtonhippus francisci
Tapiridae
Tapirus bairdii - Baird's Tapir
Canidae
††Aenocyon dirus - Dire Wolf
Canis latrans - Coyote
Canis lupus - Grey Wolf
Canis rufus - Red Wolf
†Cuon alpinus - Dhole
††Protocyon troglodytes
Ursidae
††Arctodus simus
††Tremarctos floridanus - Florida Spectacled Bear
Ursus americanus - American Black Bear
Ursus arctos - Brown Bear
Ursus maritimus - Polar Bear
Felidae
††Homotherium latidens - Scimitar Cat
††Miracionyx trumani - American Cheetah
††Panthera (leo) atrox - American Lion
Panthera onca - Jaguar
††Panthera (leo) spelaea - Cave Lion
Puma concolor - Cougar
††Smilodon fatalis
Castoridae
††Castoroides dilophidus
††Castoroides ohioensis - Giant Beaver
†Caviidae
††Neochoerus aesopi - Giant Capybara
††Toxodontidae
††Mixotoxodon larensis
††Megalonychidae
††Megalonyx jeffersonii
††Megalonyx sp.
††Xibalbaonyx oviceps
††Megatheriidae
††Eremotherium laurillardi
††Mylodontidae
††Paramylodon harlani
††Nothrotheriidae
††Nothrotheriops shastensis - Shasta Ground Sloth
††Pampatheriidae
††Holmesina septentrionalis
††Pampatherium mexicanum
††Glyptodontidae
††Glyptotherium texanum
†Elephantidae - Elephants
††Mammuthus columbi - Columbian Mammoth
††Mammuthus primigenius - Woolly Mammoth
††Mammutidae
††Mammut americum - American Mastodon
††Mammut pacificum - Pacific Mastodon
††Gomphotheriidae
††Cuvieronis hyodon
Alligatoridae
Alligator mississippiensis - American Alligator
Caiman crocodilus - Spectacled Caiman
Crocdylidae
Crocodylus acutus - American Crocodile
Crocodylus moreletii - Mexican Crocodile
Testudinidae
††Hesperotestudo crassiscutata - Southeastern Giant Tortoise
††Hesperotestudo sp. - Mesoamerican Giant Tortoise
Accipitridae
Aquila chrysaetos - Golden eagle
Amplibuteo woodwardi - Woodward's eagle
South America:
Cervidae
††Agalmaceros blicki
Blastocerus dichotomus - Marsh Deer
††Charitoceros tarijensis
Hippocamelus antisensis - North Andean Deer
Hippocamelus bisulcus - South Andean Deer
Odocoileus virginianus - White-tailed Deer
Ozotoceros bezoarticus - Pampas Deer
††Paraceros fragilis
Tayassuidae
††Brasiliochoerus stenocephalus
Camelidae
††Eulamaops parallelus
††Hemiauchenia paradoxa
††Lama castelnaudi
††Palaeolama major
††Palaeolama weddelli
††Vicugna provicugna
Vicugna vicugna - Vicuña
†Equidae
†Equus ferus (Wild Horse)
††Hippidion devillei
††Hippidion principale
Tapiridae
Tapirus bairdii - Baird's Tapir
††Tapirus crystatellus
††Tapirus mesopotamicus
Tapirus pinchaque - Mountain Tapir
††Tapirus rondoniensis
††Tapirus tarijensis
Tapirus terrestris - Lowland Tapir
Canidae
††Aenocyon dirus - Dire Wolf
††Protocyon sp. nov
††Protocyon troglodytes
††Speothos pacivorus
Speothos venaticus - Bush Dog
Ursidae
††Arctotherium bonariense
††Arctotherium tarijense - Pampean short-faced bear
††Arctotherium wingei
Tremarctos ornatus - Spectacled Bear
Mustelidae
Pteronura brasiliensis - Giant Otter
Felidae
Panthera onca - Jaguar
Puma concolor - Cougar
††Smilodon fatalis (May be remains of S. populator in South America)
††Smilodon populator
Caviidae
Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris - Capybara
††Neochoerus aesopi - Giant Capybara
††Neochoerus sulcidens
††Macraucheniidae
††Proterotheriidae
††Neolicaphrium recens
††Toxodontidae
††Mixotoxodon larensis
††Toxodon platensis
††Trigodonops lopesi
††Megalonychidae
††Ahytherium aureum
††Australonyx aquae
††Diabolotherium nordenskioldi
††Megistonyx oreobios
††Megatheriidae
††Eremotherium laurillardi
††Megatherium americanum
††Megatherium celendinense
††Megatherium elenense
††Megatherium medinae
††Megatherium sundti
††Megatherium tarijense
††Mylodontidae
††Glossotherium robustum
††Glossotherium tropicorum
††Glossotherium wegneri
††Lestodon armatus
††Mylodon darwini
††Mylodonopsis ibseni
††Ocnotherium giganteum
††Nothrotheriidae
††Nothrotherium maquinense
††Scelidotheriidae
††Catonyx chiliensis
††Catonyx cuvieri
††Catonyx tarijensis
††Valgipes bucklandi
Chlamyphoridae
Priodontes maximus - Giant armadillo
Dasypodidae
††Eutatus seguini
††Pachyarmatherium brasiliense
††Pampatheriidae
††Holmesina majus
††Holmesina occidentalis
††Holmesina paulacoutoi
††Pampatherium humblodti
††Pampatherium typum
††Glyptodontidae
††Doedicurus clavicaudatus
††Glyptodon elongatus
††Glyptodon reticulatus
††Glyptotherium cylindricum/texanum
††Neosclerocalyptus sp.
††Panochtus frenzelianus
††Panochthus hipsilis
††Panochtus tuberculatus
††Gomphotheriidae
††Cuvieronius hyodon
Alligatoridae
Caiman crocodilus - Spectacled Caiman
Caiman latirostris - Broad-snouted Caiman
Caiman yacare - Yacaré
Melanosuchus niger - Black Caiman
Crocodylidae
Crocodylus acutus - American Crocodile
Crocodylus intermedius - Orinoco Crocodile
Boidae
Eunectes murinus - Green Anaconda
Eunectes notaeus - Yellow Anaconda
Testudinidae
††Chelonoidis lutzae - Lutz’s Giant Tortoise
Sahul:
††Diprodontidae
††Diprotodon optatum
††Maokopia ronaldi
††Zygomaturus trilobus
††Palorchestidae
††Palorchestes azael - Marsupial Tapir
††Palorchestes parvus
††Thylacoleonidae
††Thylacoleo carnifex - Marsupial Lion
Vombatidae
††Phascolonus gigas
††Sedophascolomys sp.
Hypsiprymnodontidae
††Congruus kitcheneri
††Macropus ferragus
Macropus fuliginosus
Macropus giganteus - Eastern Grey Kangaroo
Macropus rufus - Red Kangaroo
††Metasthenurus newtonae
††Notamacropus sp.
††Procoptodon browneorum
††Procoptodon oreas
††Protemnodon anak
††Protemnodon hopei
††Protemnodon nombe
††Protemnodon roechus
††Protemnodon tumbuba
††Simosthenurus maddocki
††Simosthenurus occidentalis
††Simosthenurus pales
††Sthenurus andersoni
††Sthenurus atlas
††Sthenurus stirlingi
††Sthenurus tindalei
††Thylacinidae
††Thylacinus cynocephalus - Thylacine/Tasmanian Tiger
Varanidae
††Varanus priscus - Megalania
††Varanus komodoensis - Komodo Dragon
††Varanus sp. - Flores Dragon?
††Madtsoiidae
††Wonambi naracoortensis
Crocodylidae
Crocodylus johnstoni - Freshwater Crocodile
Crocodylus novaguineae - New Guinean Crocodile
Crocodylus porosus - Saltwater Crocodile
††Paludirex vincenti/Pallimnarchus pollens
††Dromornithidae
††Genyornis Newtoni
Casuariidae
Casuarius casuarius - Southern Cassowary
Casuarius unappendiculatus - Northern Cassowary
Dromaius novahollandiae - Emu
Islands:
Mediterranean Islands
Bovidae
Cervidae
††Candiacervus cretensis
††Candiacervus dorothensis
††Candiacervus major
††Candiacervus rethymnensis
††Candiacervus sp.
†Cervus canadensis
Cervus elaphus
††Dama carburangelensis
††Megaceroides/Praemegaceros cazioti
Suidae
Sus scrofa - Wild Boar
†Equidae
†Equus hemionus - Asian Wild Ass
†Canidae
†Canis lupus - Grey Wolf
††Cynotherium sardous - Sardinian Dhole
†Mustelidae
††Megalenhydris barbaricina - Giant Sardinian Otter
†Ursidae
†Ursus arctos
†Hyaenidae
†Crocuta crocuta - Spotted Hyaena
†Elephantidae
††Palaeoloxodon chaniensis - Cretan Elephant
††Palaeoloxodon creutzburgi - Cretan Dwarf Elephant
††Palaeoloxodon cypriotes - Cypriot Dwarf Elephant
††Palaeoloxodon mnaidriensis
††Palaeoloxodon lomolinoi - Cycladean Dwarf Elephamnt
††Palaeoloxodon tiliensis - Tilos Dwarf Elephant
††Mammuthus lamarmorae - Sardinian Dwarf Elephant
Accipitridae
Aquila chrysaetos - Golden eagle
Japan
Bovidae
††Bison sp.
Cervidae
Cervus nippon - Sika Deer
††Sinomegaceros yabei
Suidae
Sus scrofa - Wild Boar
Canidae
†Canis lupus - Grey Wolf
Ursidae
Ursus arctos - Brown Bear
Ursus thibetanus - Asian Black Bear
†Hyaenidae
†Crocuta crocuta - Spotted Hyena
Felidae
†Panthera pardus - Leopard
†Elephantidae
††Mammuthus primigenius - Woolly Mammoth
††Palaeoloxodon naumanni
Accipitridae
Aquila chrysaetos - Golden eagle
Philippines
Bovidae
††Bubalus cebuensis
Bubalus mindorensis - Tamaraw
Cervidae
Axis calamianensis - Calamian (Hog) Deer
Rusa alfredi - Philippines Spotted Deer
Rusa marianna - Philippine Deer
Suidae
Sus ahoenobarbus - Palawan bearded pig
Sus oliveri - Oliver’s warty pig
Sus philippensis - Philippine warty pig
Hominidae
††Homo luzonensis
Pythonidae
Malayopython reticulatus - Reticulated Python
Crocodylidae
Crocodylus mindorensis - Philippine Crocodile
Crocodylus porosus - Saltwater Crocodile
Wallacea
Bovidae
Bubalus depressicornis - Lowland anoa
††Bubalus grovesi
Bubalus quarlesi - Mountain anoa
Suidae
Babyrousa babyrussa - Buru Babirusa
Babyrousa celebensis - North Sulawesi Babirusa
Babyrousa togeanensis - Togian Babirusa
Sus celebensis - Celebes warty pig
Hominidae
††Homo floresiensis - Flores man
††Stegodontidae
††Stegodon florensis
††Stegodon sumbaensis
††Stegodon timorensis
Varanidae
Varanus komodoensis - Komodo Dragon
††Varanus sp. - Flores Dragon
Pythonidae
Malayopython reticulatus - Reticulated Python
Python bivittatus - Burmese Python
Crocodylidae
Crocodylus porosus - Saltwater Crocodile
††Crocodylus sp.? - Flores Crocodile
††Crocodylus sp.? - Timor Crocodile
Testudinidae
††Megalochelys sp. - Timor Giant Tortoise
††Megalochelys sp. - Flores Giant Tortoise
††Megalochelys sp. - Sumba Giant Tortoise
Western Indian Ocean Islands
Crocodylidae
††Aldabrachampsus dilophus
Testudinidae
††Aldabrachelys (gigantea) daudinii - Daudin’s Giant Tortoise
Aldabrachelys gigantea - Aldabra Giant Tortoise
††Aldabrachelys sp. - Glorieuse Giant Tortoise
††Cylindraspis indica - Reunion Giant Tortoise
††Cylindraspis vosmaeri - Rodrigues Giant Saddleback Tortoise
††Cylindraspis inepta - Mauritius Giant Domed Tortoise
††Cylindraspis triserrata - Mauritius Giant Flat-shelled Tortoise
Madagascar
†Hippopotamidae
††Hippopotamus lemerlei
††Hippopotamus madagascariensis
††Palaeopropithecidae - Sloth Lemurs
††Archaeoindris fontoynontii
††Palaeopropithecus ingens
††Palaeopropithecus maximus
††Palaeopropithecus sp.
††Megaladapidae - Koala Lemurs
††Megaladapis edwardsi
††Megaladapis grandidieri
††Megaladapis madagascariensis
Eupleridae - Malagasy mongooses
††Cryptoprocta spelea - Giant Fossia
Crocodylidae
Crocodylus niloticus - Nile crocodile
††Voay robustus
Testudinidae
††Aldabrachelys abrupta - Madagascar Giant Tortoise
††Aldabrachelys grandidieri - Grandidier’s Giant Tortoise
††Aepyornithidae - Elephant Birds
††Aepyornis maximus - Giant Elephant Bird
††Aepyornis hildebranti
††Mullerornis modestus
Channel Islands
†Elephantidae
††Mammuthus exilis - Pygmy Mammoth
Caribbean
††Heptaxodontidae
††Quemisia gravis - Twisted-toothed giant hutia
††Megalonychidae
††Acratocnus ye
††Megalocnus rodens
††Parocnus browni
††Parocnus serus
Crocodylidae
Crocodylus acutus - American Crocodile
Crocodylus rhombifer - Cuban Crocodile
Testudinidae
††Chelonoidis cubensis - Cuba Giant Tortoise
††Chelonoidis sombrerensis - Sombrero Giant Tortoise
††Chelonoidis sp. - Caicos Giant Tortoise
††Chelonoidis sp 2. - Curaçao Giant Tortoise
Galapagos
Testudinidae
††Chelonoidis abingdonii - Pinta Giant Tortoise
Chelonoidis becki - Wolf Volcano Giant Tortoise
Chelonoidis chathamensis - San Cristóbal Giant Tortoise
Chelonoidis darwini - Santiago Giant Tortoise
Chelonoidis donfaustoi - Eastern Santa Cruz Giant Tortoise
Chelonoidis duncanensis - Pinzón Giant Tortoise
Chelonoidis guntheri - Sierra Negra Giant Tortoise
Chelonoidis hoodensis - Española Giant Tortoise
Chelonoidis microphyes - Volcán Darwin Giant Tortoise
††Chelonoidis nigra - Floreana Giant Tortoise
†?Chelonoidis phantastica - Fernandina Giant Tortoise
Chelonoidis porteri - Western Santa Cruz Giant Tortoise
††Chelonoidis sp - Santa Fé Giant Tortoise
Chelonoidis vandenburghi - Volcán Alcedo Giant Tortoise
Chelonoidis vicina - Cerro Azul Giant Tortoise
New Zealand
Accipitridae
††Hieraaetus moorei - Haasts Eagle
††Dinornithidae - Giant Moas
††Dinornis novaezealandiae - North Island Giant Moa
††Dinornis Robustus - South Island Giant Moa
††Megalapterygidae - Upland Moas
††Megalapteryx didinus - Upland Moa
††Emeidae
††Anomalopteryx didiform - Bush Moa
††Emeus crassus - Eastern Moa
††Euryapteryx curtus - Coastal Moa
††Pachyornis australis- Crested Moa
††Pachyornis elephantopus - Heavy-footed Moa
††Pachyornis geranoides - Mantell’s Moa
Melanesia
Varanidae
††Varanus sp.
Crocodylidae
Crocodylus porosus - Saltwater Crocodile
††Mekosuchus inexpectatus
††Mekosuchus kalpokasi
††Volia athollandersoni
††Meiolaniidae
††Meiolania damelipi - Efate Giant Horned Turtle
††Meiolania mackayi - Walpole Giant Horned Turtle
††Meiolania platyceps - Lord Howe Giant Horned Turtle
††Meiolaniidae sp. - Fijian Giant Horned Turtle